What Is Narrative Nonfiction?
Narrative nonfiction is a genre of writing that uses the techniques of fiction—such as character development, storytelling, and scene-setting—while...
Storytellers are increasingly turning to neuroscience to enhance their narrative techniques. Neurocinematics, the study of how film and other audiovisual narratives engage the brain, offers valuable insights for crafting more immersive and impactful digital stories. This article explores how principles of neurocinematics can be applied to optimize narrative flow and maximize brain engagement in digital storytelling.
Neurocinematics combines neuroscience with film theory to understand how our brains process and respond to audiovisual narratives. By using techniques such as fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and EEG (Electroencephalography), researchers can observe brain activity in real-time as viewers engage with stories.
Key findings from neurocinematics research include:
Let's explore ten ways to apply neurocinematic principles to enhance digital storytelling, with examples from various media:
Principle: The brain's attention fluctuates naturally, with peaks of focus lasting about 8-10 minutes.
Application: Structure your digital story with "attention reset" points every 8-10 minutes. This could be a scene change, a plot twist, or a shift in perspective.
Example: The Netflix series "Black Mirror: Bandersnatch" uses interactive decision points roughly every 10 minutes, naturally resetting viewer attention.
Principle: Viewers' brains tend to mirror the emotions of characters on screen.
Application: Use close-ups of emotional expressions to trigger empathy and engagement.
Example: The web series "The Lizzie Bennet Diaries" uses direct-to-camera confessionals to create a strong emotional connection with the audience.
Principle: The brain constantly predicts what will happen next, and violation of these predictions can be engaging.
Application: Set up expectations and then subvert them in surprising but logical ways.
Example: The interactive game "Her Story" allows players to piece together a narrative from out-of-order video clips, constantly challenging their predictions.
Principle: Emotionally charged and visually distinct moments are more likely to be remembered.
Application: Create "peak moments" in your story by combining strong emotions with unique visual or auditory elements.
Example: The VR experience "Notes on Blindness" uses striking visual representations of sound to create memorable moments that enhance the story of a man losing his sight.
Principle: Multi-sensory experiences engage more areas of the brain, leading to deeper immersion.
Application: In digital storytelling, use a combination of visual, auditory, and, where possible, interactive elements to create a rich sensory experience.
Example: The interactive web documentary "Bear 71" combines video, audio narration, and an explorable map interface to create a multi-sensory narrative about wildlife in Banff National Park.
Principle: Non-linear stories can increase engagement by requiring active participation from the viewer's brain to piece together the narrative.
Application: Create stories with multiple timelines or perspectives that the audience can navigate.
Example: The interactive film "Possibilia" allows viewers to switch between parallel versions of a couple's break-up conversation, engaging the brain in active story construction.
Principle: Mirror neurons fire both when we perform an action and when we observe someone else performing the same action.
Application: Show characters performing actions to trigger a more embodied response in viewers.
Example: The VR experience "The Climb" puts users in the first-person perspective of a rock climber, activating mirror neurons and creating a visceral sense of presence.
Principle: The brain engages more deeply when it needs to work slightly to understand something, but disengages if the cognitive load is too high.
Application: Balance familiar elements with novel concepts to keep the brain engaged without overwhelming it.
Example: The podcast "Limetown" uses the familiar format of investigative journalism to tell a complex sci-fi story, balancing cognitive ease and strain.
Principle: The brain's reward centers are activated not just by rewards, but by the anticipation of rewards.
Application: Build anticipation through foreshadowing and gradual reveal of information.
Example: The augmented reality game "Pokémon GO" uses the anticipation of finding and catching Pokémon to keep users engaged over long periods.
Principle: The brain is highly attuned to social cues and relationships.
Application: Create opportunities for viewers to engage in "mind-reading" of characters' thoughts and intentions.
Example: The interactive drama "Erica" allows players to make decisions for the main character, engaging their social cognition as they try to navigate complex relationships and uncover a mystery.
To effectively use these principles in your digital storytelling:
Neurocinematics offers exciting possibilities for enhancing digital storytelling. By understanding how the brain engages with narratives, storytellers can create more immersive, memorable, and impactful experiences. As technology continues to evolve, the intersection of neuroscience and digital storytelling will likely yield even more innovative techniques for captivating audiences.
Remember, while these neurocinematic principles can enhance engagement, the core of any great story remains the same: authentic characters, compelling conflicts, and meaningful themes. Use these techniques not as a replacement for good storytelling, but as tools to amplify the power of your narrative.
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